{"id":197,"date":"2022-03-15T14:37:21","date_gmt":"2022-03-15T14:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.atras-univ-saida.dz\/ar\/?page_id=197"},"modified":"2022-03-15T14:42:31","modified_gmt":"2022-03-15T14:42:31","slug":"%d9%82%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.atras-univ-saida.dz\/ar\/?page_id=197","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645<\/strong><\/td><td>\u00a0\u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b 5000 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f 15 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 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\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633 12 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u061b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 APA 6 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627:(\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u060c2012 :26) \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629:\u00a0 ( (Adam,1997:85\u060c 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0645\u00a0 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637 \u00a0\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0647 12\u061b<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647. (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629).\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639. \u0637. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\\\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2005). \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644. \u06372. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636\u0627\u0621\\\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0641\u0635\u0644<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647. (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629).\u201d\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u201d. \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\\ \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f: \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0635 \u0635. (\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647)\u061b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647. (\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629). \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f). \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.\u00a0 \u0635 \u0635 (\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647)\u061b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647.(\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629). \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\\\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629\u2026\u0641\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635) \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u061b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647.(\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629). \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\\ \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u061b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062a.\u0625\u0644\u062e. \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644: \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a CD \u00a0\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629..\u0625\u0644\u062e\u061b<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647. \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/strong><\/td><td>\u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u061b<br>\u2013 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<br>\u2013 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647\u0627\u061b<br>\u2013 \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645.<br>\u2013 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647.<br>\u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 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\u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u061b<br>\u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u061b<br>\u2013 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a 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